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Birely, Hillman & Streaker was a prominent Philadelphia shipbuilding firm through the latter part of the 19th century. The shipyard specialized in the manufacturer of large wooden paddle steamers and wooden steamboats for the domestic American market. ==History== The company had its origins in two earlier Philadelphia shipyards, Birely & Sons (founded by John Birely) and Hillman & Streaker, both of which were established in the 1840s〔(Old Kensington ), Historical Society of Pennsylvania.〕 during the "golden age" of American wooden shipbuilding. In this period, Birely & Sons was Philadelphia's busiest shipyard, building seven modern screw steamers between 1849 and 1853〔Heinrich, p. 24.〕 (including the SS ''Lewis'', a transatlantic steamer built for the Boston & Liverpool Line).〔(The Mechanics' Magazine, Museum, Register, Journal, and Gazette ), 1851, digitized by the New York Public Library.〕 Following the American Civil War however, the shipbuilding industry experienced a severe slump. All Philadelphia shipbuilders engaged exclusively in the manufacture of wooden vessels were forced out of the industry, with the exception of Birely & Sons and Hillman & Streaker, which survived by pooling resources and merging in 1866 to become Birely, Hillman & Streaker.〔Heinrich, p. 33.〕 The new company's shipyard was located at the foot of Montgomery Avenue, Philadelphia.〔(Philadelphia Timeline ), Independence Association of Philadelphia website.〕 In the following decades, the company mainly targeted the American domestic market, aided by government policies which protected domestic shipping routes to the end of the century. The company built both oceangoing ships for coastal trade as well as riverboats and ferries for inland transport. For example, it built the steamers ''Goldsboro'' and ''Delaware'' for the Clyde Line's North-South trade in the 1880s, as well as the side-wheeler ''City of Richmond'' for Clyde's steamboat line connecting Richmond and Norfolk. In lean times, the company would also occasionally take on military contracts, such as when it built the Haitian gunboats ''St. Michel'' and ''1804'' in 1875.〔Heinrich, pp. 72, 80-81.〕 By 1880, Birely, Hillman & Streaker had net assets of $85,000, a workforce of 150 with annual wage costs of $66,412, raw materials costs of $67,756 and an annual output of $176,000. The company was able to keep asset costs so low because it remained a specialized wooden shipbuilder, contracting out all its engine requirements—with their much larger capital investment—to local manufacturers of marine engines. In its early years, the main providers of engines for the company were the firms of I. P. Morris and Neafie & Levy, but after the 1870s, the company relied almost exclusively on engines built by Neafie & Levy, while Neafie & Levy returned the favour by subcontracting large wooden hulls to Birely for its own shipbuilding contracts. After 1871, Birely, Hillman & Streaker was the only Philadelphia shipbuilder to continue outsourcing its ship engines.〔Heinrich, p. 75.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Birely, Hillman & Streaker」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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